Car (chimeric antigen receptors) T Cell : Overview to help them to recognize and fight cancer cells

Car T Cell:

CAR—chimeric antigen receptors—are genetically engineered protein constructs that can be incorporated into a patient’s own cytotoxic T cells to help them to recognize and fight cancer cells

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (also known as CAR T cells) are T cells that have been genetically engineered to produce an artificial T-cell receptor.

Chimeric antigen receptors are bioengineered proteins that give T-cells the mechanism to neutralize a particular protein. The receptors are termed "chimeric" because they utilize both native T-cell functions and the new antigen-recognizing functions into one receptor.

Fig. 01 Depiction of adoptive cell transfer therapy with CAR-engineered T cells

#Clinical studies and FDA Approvals:

Novartis receives first ever FDA approval for a CAR-T cell therapy, Kymriah(TM) (CTL019), for children and young adults with B-cell ALL that is refractory or has relapsed at least twice
As of August 2017, there were around 200 clinical trials happening globally involving CAR-T cells. Around 65% of those trials targeted blood cancers, and 80% of them involved CD19 CAR-T cells targeting B-cell cancers. In 2016, studies began to explore the viability of other antigens, such as CD20

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